
A Historical Perspective and a Forward-Looking Defense Strategy For decades, modern cryptography has relied on mathematical problems assumed to be computationally infeasible for classical computers. Algorithms like RSA, Diffie-Hellman, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) derive their security from the hardness of factoring large integers or solving discrete logarithms. This design has worked because no…

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) represent the highest tier of targeted cyberattacks: long-term, strategic intrusions executed by highly skilled adversaries, often state-sponsored groups or well-funded criminal organizations. Their goal is simple: remain inside a system for as long as possible while silently gathering intelligence, manipulating assets, or preparing for strategic disruption. Unlike common malware or…

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are not ordinary cyberattacks. They are long-term, highly coordinated intrusion campaigns typically executed by well-resourced groups with strategic goals. These groups often include state-sponsored units, cyber mercenaries, or organized criminal operations. Their objective is not quick profit or temporary disruption; their goal is ongoing access, intelligence gathering, and silent control.…

The rapid progress of quantum computing has forced a major shift in the foundations of modern cybersecurity. Today’s most widely used cryptographic systems — RSA, Diffie-Hellman, and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) — were designed under the assumption that certain mathematical problems require an impractical amount of time to solve. Quantum computers break that assumption.…