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When AI Learns What You Never Taught It: The Uneasy Reality of Emergent Behaviors in Modern Neural Networks
Artificial intelligence has reached a stage where models routinely display capabilities their designers never explicitly programmed. This is not science fiction; it is the central challenge of working with large modern architectures. These systems learn statistical abstractions at such scale that new behaviors emerge—behaviors the engineers neither anticipated nor fully understand. 1. The Nature…
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Artificial Intelligence at the Hardware Level: From TPU to NPU
The Shift Beyond CPUs and GPUs For years, artificial intelligence workloads relied primarily on central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs). While GPUs revolutionized deep learning with their parallel processing capabilities, they were still general-purpose chips — not built specifically for AI. As models grew larger and more complex, the need for…
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CPU Cache and Side-Channel Attacks: A Silent Threat in Modern Computing
1. Introduction: When Speed Becomes a Double-Edged Sword The CPU cache—L1, L2, and L3—is designed to make computing faster. It keeps frequently used data close to the processor, drastically reducing memory latency and improving performance. But this performance boost comes with a critical trade-off: it opens the door to side-channel attacks. These attacks don’t…
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Persistent Memory in SSDs and Its Security Threats
1. Introduction: The Rise of Persistent Memory In recent years, persistent memory technologies have blurred the line between traditional storage and volatile memory. Unlike conventional DRAM, persistent memory retains data even after power is removed, combining low latency, high throughput, and non-volatility. Modern solid-state drives (SSDs) increasingly integrate persistent buffers and caches to improve…
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AI Privacy and Security: Building a Safer Future
The rapid rise of AI and autonomous AI Agents is forcing humanity to face one uncomfortable fact: granting these systems access to personal data is not just a convenience — it’s a major security gamble. Every “yes” you give to an AI service is effectively opening another door to your digital identity. Let’s be…