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MQTT: The Language of the Internet of Things
Introduction: The Need for Lightweight Communication As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to expand, billions of devices — from smart thermostats to industrial sensors — need a reliable and efficient way to exchange data. Traditional communication protocols are often too heavy, too power-hungry, or too complex for these small, resource-constrained devices. This is…
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Mobile banking malware & overlay attacks: what they are, why they work, and how to stop them
Short version: modern Android banking trojans steal credentials and authorize fraud by placing fake UI layers over real banking apps (or by abusing Accessibility), capturing input and bypassing controls. This attack vector is old, effective, and still widely abused — stop treating it like “user error.” Fix the product and the server, harden the…
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Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Attacks and Mobile App Protection
1. Understanding BLE and Its Security Exposure Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has become the foundation for modern wireless communication between IoT devices, wearables, and mobile applications. Its low power consumption and fast connection establishment make it ideal for health sensors, smart locks, and tracking devices.However, this convenience introduces a hidden risk: BLE communications often…
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Hardware-Level Cryptography with Intel SGX: Securing the Untrusted World
Introduction In a world where malware, rootkits, and insider threats constantly evolve, traditional software-based security is no longer enough. Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) takes a different path — embedding cryptographic isolation directly into the processor. By creating a trusted execution environment (TEE) within the CPU, SGX allows sensitive code and data to run…
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Building Real-Time Systems with RTOS: Achieving Deterministic Low-Latency Performance
🔹 Understanding Real-Time Systems Real-time systems are not just about running fast — they are about running predictably. In a typical computer, slight timing variations are acceptable. But in real-time applications — like industrial automation, medical equipment, or autonomous vehicles — a delay of even a few microseconds can lead to catastrophic consequences.A real-time…