
Introduction For decades, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) have been the backbone of industrial automation. They control production lines, manufacturing equipment, water treatment facilities, energy systems, logistics centers, and countless other critical infrastructures. PLCs are known for one defining characteristic: reliability. They execute deterministic logic with exceptional stability, making them indispensable wherever industrial processes require…

1. Introduction: Why Supply Chains Need AI Supply chains are no longer simple systems of moving products from one place to another. They are complex networks of suppliers, factories, warehouses, logistics providers, distributors, retailers, and customers. Every small delay, price change, shortage, or demand shift can affect the entire chain. Artificial Intelligence can help…