
1. Introduction: The Quantum Threat to Modern Cryptography Modern digital security relies heavily on cryptographic systems such as RSA and ECC. These systems are considered secure today but are fundamentally vulnerable to future quantum computers due to algorithms like Shor’s algorithm, which can efficiently break them. To address this existential threat, two primary paradigms…

For the past decade, trust on the internet has been built on code. Cryptocurrencies, blockchains, and zero-knowledge proofs all rely on the hardness of certain mathematical problems. If you can’t solve them, you can’t cheat. But this foundation has a weakness: it assumes computing power grows slowly and predictably. Quantum computing breaks that assumption.…